The over-all prevalence of sulfite sensitivity in the general population is unknown and probably low. Sulfite sensitivity is seen more frequently in asthmatic than in nonasthmatic people. Results of animal studies indicate that tetracyclines cross the placenta , are found in fetal tissues and can have toxic effects on the developing fetus often related to retardation of skeletal development. Evidence of embryotoxicity has also been noted in animals treated early in pregnancy.
Usage in newborns, infants, and children. All tetracyclines form a stable calcium complex in any bone-forming tissue. This reaction was shown to be reversible when the drug was discontinued. Tetracyclines are present in the milk of lactating women who are taking a drug in this class. Food and Drug Administration FDA , cases of Stevens—Johnson syndrome , toxic epidermal necrolysis , and erythema multiforme associated with doxycyline use have been reported, but a causative role has not been established.
Since tetracycline is absorbed into bone, it is used as a marker of bone growth for biopsies in humans. Tetracycline labeling is used to determine the amount of bone growth within a certain period of time, usually a period around 21 days. Tetracycline is incorporated into mineralizing bone and can be detected by its fluorescence.
It is also one of a group of antibiotics which together may be used to treat peptic ulcers caused by bacterial infections. In cancer research at Harvard Medical School , tetracycline has been used to switch off leukemia in genetically altered mice, and to do so reliably, when added to their drinking water.
Modified males raised in a laboratory develop normally as they are supplied with this chemical and can be released into the wild. Purpose Tetracyclines are called "broad-spectrum" antibiotics , because they can be used to treat a wide variety of infections. Physicians may prescribe these drugs to treat eye infections, pneumonia , gonorrhea, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, urinary tract infections, certain bacteria that could be used in biological weapons, and other infections caused by bacteria.
The medicine is also used to treat acne. The tetracyclines will not work for colds, flu, and other infections caused by viruses. Tetracyclines are generally a low-cost alternative among antibiotics. Interestingly, a form of tetracycline has recently been used in prevention of cancer recurrence. Chemically modified tetracyclines such as COL-3 are derived from antibiotic tetracyclines, but because of their modifications, don't act as antibiotics.
Instead, they inhibit certain enzymes and processes that normally encourage cancer growth. By making cancer cells less aggressive, these drugs may show potential for long-term management of some cancers. Description Tetracyclines are available only with a physician's prescription. They are sold in capsule, tablet, liquid, and injectable forms. Some commonly used medicines in this group are tetracycline Achromycin V, Sumycin and doxycycline Doryx, Vibramycin.
Recommended dosage The recommended dosage depends on the type of tetracycline, its strength, and the type and severity of infection for which it is being taken. The physician who prescribed the drug or the pharmacist who filled the prescription know the correct dosage. To make sure the infection clears up completely, patients are told to take the medicine for as long as it has been prescribed. They should not stop taking the drug just because symptoms begin to improve.
Tetracyclines work best when they are at constant levels in the blood. To help keep levels constant, the doses are spaced evenly through the day and night. Photosensitivity is discussed above. Rise in BUN has been reported and is apparently dose related.
Urticaria, angioneurotic edema, anaphylaxis, anaphylactoid purpura, pericarditis and exacerbation of systemic lupus erythematosus. Bulging fontanels in infants and benign intracranial hypertension in adults have been reported in individuals receiving full therapeutic dosages.
These conditions disappeared rapidly when the drug was discontinued. Hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia and eosinophilia have been reported. When given over prolonged periods, tetracyclines have been reported to produce brown-black microscopic discoloration of thyroid glands. No abnormalities of thyroid function studies are known to occur. Terramycin Dosage and Administration Adults: Usual daily dose, 1—2 g divided in four equal doses, depending on the severity of the infection.
For children above eight years of age: Therapy should be continued for at least 24—48 hours after symptoms and fever have subsided. For treatment of brucellosis, mg oxytetracycline four times daily for 3 weeks should be accompanied by streptomycin, 1 gram intramuscularly twice daily the first week, and once daily the second week.
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