What happens to your brain when you misuse cough or cold medicines? When cough and cold medicines are taken as directed, they safely treat symptoms caused by colds and flu. A single high dose of DXM can cause hallucinations imagined experiences that seem real. Ketamine and PCP are called "dissociative" drugs, which means they make you feel separated from your body or your environment, and they twist the way you think or feel about something or someone.
History[ edit ] Codeine, or 3-methylmorphine, is an alkaloid found in the opium poppy , Papaver somniferum var. Opium poppy has been cultivated and utilized throughout human history for a variety of medicinal analgesic, anti-tussive and anti-diarrheal and hypnotic properties linked to the diversity of its active components, which include morphine, codeine and papaverine.
Until the beginning of the 19th century, raw opium was used in diverse preparations known as laudanum see Thomas de Quincey 's Confessions of an English Opium-Eater , and paregoric elixirs , a number of which were popular in England since the beginning of the 18th century; the original preparation seems to have been elaborated in Leiden , the Netherlands around by a chemist named Lemort; in the London Pharmacopoeia mentions an Elixir Asthmaticum, replaced by the term Elixir Paregoricum "pain soother" in The progressive isolation of opium's several active components opened the path to improved selectivity and safety of the opiates-based pharmacopeia.
Codeine is the most widely used opiate in the world, [43] [44] and is one of the most commonly used drugs overall according to numerous reports by organizations including the World Health Organization and its League of Nations predecessor agency.
It is one of the most effective orally administered opioid analgesics and has a wide safety margin. While codeine can be directly extracted from opium, its original source, most codeine is synthesized from the much more abundant morphine through the process of O- methylation , [44] [45] through a process first completed in the late 20th century by Robert C.
Corcoran and Junning Ma. They quickly succeeded using petroleum or coal tar and a process developed at the United States' National Institutes of Health. Numerous codeine salts have been prepared since the drug was discovered. The most commonly used are the hydrochloride freebase conversion ratio 0.
The latter was introduced as Codeonal in , indicated for pain with nervousness. Codeine hydrochloride is more common worldwide and the citrate, hydroiodide, hydrobromide, tartrate, and other salts are also seen. If misused, codeine can also be addictive. This can be helpful if your cough is caused by post-nasal drip.
They are usually marketed for allergy-related symptoms. Side effects can include drowsiness, dizziness and hallucinations. The brand name and generic forms of this medicine contain a drug called acetaminophen.
Patients with acute liver failure from acetaminophen require hospitalization and sometimes intensive care unit stays. The most severe patients need urgent liver transplantation and some will die from acetaminophen overdose. You can help us by signing this online petition. Cough medicines may also contain ingredients to help coat and soothe the throat.
Combination products may have medicines to ease other symptoms, that may include decongestants for stuffy nose, antihistamines for allergies or a runny nose , or painkillers. Choose a medicine that matches your symptoms. Cough drops can also help relieve a cough and may ease a sore throat. Don't just grab a bottle of anything that says "cough" on it. Is it a suppressant or an expectorant? Make sure you're getting what you need.
Don't use medicine for more than 7 days. If you do, you could be covering up a more serious problem.
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