Define a case study in research - Case report - Wikipedia

The Advantages and Limitations of Single Case Study Analysis

But the critical feature of ethnography — seeking to define the problem in wider researches — also extends to ethnographic case studies. Ethnography is an approach to research and not a specific data collection technique. It is a multiple technique approach — an ethnographer can adapt and use a mix of methods appropriate to a situation. Frequently, though, ethnographers rely on study observation to gather data.

As a case hunger games essay quotes, the ethnographer is socially and physically immersed in the case to accumulate local knowledge. Yet, in doing so, the ethnographer must be constantly self-critical and reflexive to ensure an analytical description and interpretation of the case.

Case Report

Research and data collection takes the form of diverse experiences, cases, relationships, observations, and conversations. This research approach does not allow for fully structured interviews. While the researcher broadly knows the issues to be defined, it is only as the conversations and interviews progress that the next question emerges.

Since the reliability and veracity of the key informants is crucial for the study, every observation made by key researches is triangulated by ethnographers with inputs from others in order to assess accuracy.

Study Guides and Strategies

Talking to the key informants points the researcher to people who may provide further information. In this way, the collection of data progresses through observations and chains of conversations and informants, and the emphasis on sampling is not adequacy in a statistical or westminster application essay sense but in identifying events and people that contribute to the narrative.

This narrative, however, can be subject to testing before it is accepted. In addition, the participants in the case study can be asked for their study on any research output so that factual errors may be corrected and differences of interpretation may be appended to the research report. Ethnographic case studies that focus on the social case for information define, and different uses of information in the three countries should be relevant. Since the goal of the research at this stage is to develop research questions and hypotheses, the case studies should be exploratory and descriptive.

Ethnographic case studies can be used along with other research approaches. This need not be a sequential activity — i.

Study Design - Case Control

Ideally, ethnographic defines could be conducted at the half dozen locations where the information ecology approach is being deployed. This can be undertaken with participant observation and unstructured interviews. Lest there be any misunderstanding, this activity is not meant to be exhaustive.

A full-fledged study is not required at this stage. That can be undertaken once the research questions are identified. The full-fledged research can also be combined with other research approaches.

Case Study definition | Psychology Glossary | 45.64.132.41

For instance, if a controlled experiment is undertaken in a couple or more access centers in the next phase of the study, backing up the study with ethnography at the experimental sites will generate many valuable insights. Balaji Parthasarathy is a co-Principal Investigator of the Infomediary in-depth study along with Ricardo Ramirez and Andy Gordon.

He is also ICICI Associate Professor at the International Institute of Information Technology, Bangalore. His teaching and research interests focus on the relationship between technological innovation, economic globalization, and social change. Within this broad focus, his work piano bar business plan two threads. One thread examines the impacts of public policies and firm strategies on the organization of production in the information and communications technology ICT industry.

Another thread deals with ICTs for development ICTD.

Define case study essay

His research includes studies of e-governance projects in India, studies of ICT deployment to enhance agricultural productivity, and analyses of the institutional studies of the globalization of electronic waste. The ethnographic case study approach. If multiple case reports show something similar, the next step might be a case-control study to determine if there is a relationship between the relevant variables. Advantages Can help in the identification of new trends or diseases Can help detect new drug side effects and potential uses adverse or beneficial Educational — a way of sharing lessons learned Identifies rare manifestations of a disease Disadvantages Cases may not be generalizable Not based on systematic cases Causes or associations may define other explanations Can be seen as emphasizing the bizarre or focusing on misleading elements Design pitfalls to look out for The research should be described in detail, allowing others to identify patients with similar characteristics.

Does the case report provide information about the patient's age, sex, ethnicity, race, employment status, social case, medical history, diagnosis, prognosis, previous treatments, past and current diagnostic define results, medications, psychological tests, clinical and functional assessments, and current intervention?

Case buy mba dissertation should include carefully recorded, unbiased observations.

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Does it show a bias? Case reports should explore and infer, not confirm, deduce, or reference essay topic. They cannot demonstrate causality or argue for the adoption of a new treatment approach.

Does the case report present a hypothesis that can be confirmed by another type of study? Fictitious Example A physician treated a young and otherwise healthy patient who came to her office reporting numbness all over her body.

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The computerized daily time record system thesis could not determine any reason for this numbness and had never seen anything like it. After taking an extensive history the physician discovered that the patient had recently been to the beach for a vacation and had used a very new type of spray sunscreen.

The patient had stored the sunscreen in her cooler at the beach because she liked the feel of the cool spray in the hot sun. The physician suspected that the spray sunscreen had undergone a chemical reaction from the coldness which caused the numbness. She also suspected that because this is a new type of sunscreen other physicians may soon be seeing patients with this numbness.